How is JN.1 different from other Omicron variants?
The JN.1 variant is linked to the Omicron virus variants, featuring some novel mutations. It has a higher transmission rate and infectivity, and this heightened infectivity is seen as a normal evolutionary process for viruses, where they spread more easily but tend to cause less severe illness. This is crucial for any virus’s survival and continued transmission.
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Is JN.1 more dangerous than other Omicron variants?
Current knowledge suggests a slightly increased transmission rate compared to its predecessors. It is noteworthy that the Covid- JN.1 variant evades the immune system more effectively than Omicron and other variants contributing to increased transmission, thereby indicating higher infectivity. Even though the number of cases of Covid- JN.1 has been rising from the end of 2023 to early 2024 in some countries including India, there is no cause of immediate concern as 92-95% of those infected are opting for and recovering with home-based treatment, indicating a mild illness.
Currently, there’s no evidence suggesting the severity of the JN.1 variant is higher than other Omicron variants. It appears to be milder, with the only concerning factor being its increased infectivity.
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Who is at greater risk?
Individuals with underlying health conditions (e.g., those aged 65 and older, children, diabetes, bronchitis or asthma, heart patients, cancer patients, etc.) should exercise extra caution when venturing outside. If someone in these vulnerable groups experiences flu-like symptoms, prompt medical attention is advised due to their lower immunity.
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Is there a reason to worry?
The overall fatality or lethality rate seems to be decreasing with virus evolution, indicating a trend where viruses become less deadly over time to ensure their own survival by infecting more people. The current situation does not indicate severe outcomes, but individuals in high-risk groups should remain vigilant and take necessary precautions.
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What precautions are advised?
- Take steps to promote a robust immune system through a wholesome lifestyle, including a balanced diet, consistent exercise, and sufficient sleep, and seek guidance from healthcare professionals for immune-boosting strategies, particularly for cancer patients on treatment.
- For people with diabetes, maintaining optimal blood sugar levels by consistently monitoring and collaborating with healthcare professionals is important. Adopt a well-balanced diet, participate in regular physical activity, and effectively manage stress for overall diabetes management.
- Follow thorough hygienic measures, such as consistent 20-second handwashing, maintaining safe distances in crowded places, steering clear of close contact with those who are unwell, wearing masks in crowded areas or if suffering from any symptoms, with ensuring proper coverage of both the nose and mouth.
- COVID Vaccination is advised in high-risk groups as even though it may not reduce infection with JN.1, it can reduce the risk of severity, complications, and mortality, as well as help curb disease transmission, and improve both individual and community well-being. Flu and pneumococcal vaccines are also advised for high-risk groups with comorbid health conditions.
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Dr Naresh Purohit is Consultant, Community Healthcare in Bhopal, and Medical Expert and Advisor National Communicable Disease Control Programme. He is also Advisor to six other National Health Programs and visiting Professor in five Medical Universities of Southern India including Thrissur based Kerala University of Health Sciences.
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Reference – COVID JN.1 WHO